The choice of ARQ protocol involves trade-offs between complexity and efficiency:

g., protocol efficiency calculations, equations) or a ? Do youg., mobile networks, satellite)?

Only the specific lost or corrupted frame is retransmitted, rather than the entire window. Pros: Highly efficient utilization of bandwidth.

An Adaptive Type-I1 hybrid ARQ/FEC Protocol - Clemson University

The sender can transmit multiple frames (within a window size

Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)

) before needing an ACK. If a frame is lost, the receiver discards all subsequent frames, and the sender must retransmit all frames starting from the lost one. Better utilization than Stop-and-Wait. Cons: High retransmission overhead in poor channels. 3.3. Selective Repeat ARQ (SR)

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