Artaxerxes

was a common throne name for several kings of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The name in Old Persian, Artaxšaçā , translates to "having a kingdom of justice" or "whose reign is through truth". While multiple monarchs held this title, history and religious texts most frequently focus on the following three: Artaxerxes I (Reigned 465–424 BC)

: His reign was relatively stable, though he faced a major revolt in Egypt supported by Athens. He eventually concluded the Peace of Callias with the Greeks, ending decades of open warfare. Artaxerxes II (Reigned 404–358 BC) Artaxerxes I Makrocheir - Livius.org artaxerxes

: He is widely identified as the king who authorized Ezra to lead a second group of Jews back to Jerusalem and later permitted his cupbearer, Nehemiah, to rebuild the city's walls. was a common throne name for several kings

Known as (meaning "Long-handed"), he was the son of Xerxes I and famously nicknamed because his right hand was reportedly longer than his left. He eventually concluded the Peace of Callias with