Black Plague ⟶

While the exact territorial origin is debated, scientific evidence points toward Central Asia or China.

: Genoese trading ships fleeing Kaffa carried infected rats and fleas to Mediterranean ports like Messina, Sicily, and eventually to Marseilles, Genoa, and Venice. 2. Biological Cause and Variants black plague

: The plague reportedly entered Europe during a Mongol siege of the Genoese port of Kaffa in Crimea. The Mongol army allegedly catapulted plague-infected corpses over the city walls, an early instance of biological warfare. While the exact territorial origin is debated, scientific

: The disease traveled along major trade routes, reaching the Black Sea by the late 1340s. Biological Cause and Variants : The plague reportedly

Comprehensive Report: The Black Death (1347–1351) The Black Death was a devastating global pandemic that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s, ranking as the most fatal pandemic in recorded human history. It was caused by the bacterium , which resulted in an estimated 25 to 50 million deaths in Europe alone—wiping out roughly 33% to 60% of the continent's population. 1. Origins and Global Spread