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: A common, harmless variation where the heart rate slightly increases during inhalation and decreases during exhalation.

A normal rhythm, known as , starts in the sinoatrial (SA) nodeโ€”the heart's natural pacemaker. This signal travels through the heart in a specific sequence, which is visualized on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as the PQRST wave pattern:

: Atrial contraction (top chambers pumping blood to the bottom chambers).

: Ventricular contraction (bottom chambers pumping blood to the lungs and body). T Wave : Ventricular recovery (preparing for the next beat). Common Variations and Abnormalities (Arrhythmias)