The integration of cloud and fog in 5G relies on several emerging frameworks and technologies:
: Data that is not time-critical is offloaded from fog nodes to the centralized cloud for deep historical analysis and permanent storage. Cloud and Fog Computing in 5G Mobile Networks: ...
: Fog nodes (such as smart gateways, routers, or small cells ) process time-sensitive data locally. This reduces Round Trip Time (RTT) latency to sub-millisecond levels, essential for autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and augmented reality. The integration of cloud and fog in 5G
: This hybrid architecture significantly enhances spectral and energy efficiency by optimizing how and where data is processed. Key Technical Enablers essential for autonomous vehicles