Ihl (2026)

: It limits the means (weapons used) and methods (tactics employed) of warfare to minimize unnecessary suffering.

: Crucially, IHL is distinct from jus ad bellum , which governs the legality of going to war in the first place; IHL ( jus in bello ) applies once a conflict has started, regardless of its cause. 2. The Four Fundamental Pillars : It limits the means (weapons used) and

: Parties must always distinguish between civilians and combatants, and between civilian objects and military objectives. : It limits the means (weapons used) and

: Only those measures necessary to achieve a legitimate military purpose are permitted. : It limits the means (weapons used) and

: An attack is prohibited if the incidental loss of life or damage to civilian property is excessive in relation to the concrete military advantage anticipated.