: This operator combines the result set of the original query with a new, forged query. UNION ALL is often preferred over UNION because it is faster and doesn't remove duplicate rows, which can sometimes interfere with the attack. SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL :
: This is the most effective defense. It treats user input as data, not as executable code. : This operator combines the result set of
: This represents the original, legitimate input (e.g., a search term or ID). The attacker appends the malicious code to this keyword to "break out" of the intended query. legitimate input (e.g.