Statistical Inference › 〈COMPLETE〉

Based on those 5 muffins, you "infer" that the entire batch of 1,000 is likely ruined. You aren't 100% certain—maybe you just got the only 5 bad ones—but the math (probability) tells you that’s very unlikely. Key Concepts in the Narrative Statistical Inference: The Big Picture - PMC

You randomly pick 5 muffins from different trays. This is your sample . If you only picked from the top tray, your data might be biased. Statistical Inference

You taste them. Four out of five are completely tasteless. Based on those 5 muffins, you "infer" that

Statistical inference is essentially the art of making an educated "leap of faith" from the small group you see (the ) to the massive group you don't (the population ). The Story: The Baker’s Mystery Batch This is your sample

You suspect your new assistant might have forgotten the sugar. Your "Null Hypothesis" is that the muffins are perfect; your "Alternative" is that they are bland.